GPQA Diamond
GPQA Diamond is a graduate-level multiple-choice benchmark in biology, physics, and chemistry. Each question is written by a subject-matter expert and designed so that even domain specialists need careful reasoning to identify the correct answer. We run the same fixed question set across provider endpoints to compare model capability, routing, and the practical cost of solving difficult scientific problems.
Last benchmark run
Which model leads the GPQA Diamond benchmark?
Google: Gemini 4 Argon leads GPQA Diamond at 96.5% as of Nov 14, 2026, 6:01 AM UTC. The same fixed GPQA Diamond question set and scoring are held fixed across production provider endpoints. The headline row uses default routing where available; otherwise, it uses a representative provider result.
Model comparison
Cost efficiency
Leaderboard
Top-level rows use default routing where available; click a row to expand provider-pinned results.
| # | Model | Std dev | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Google | 96.5% | -- | $0.095 | 1.7m | 8.44k |
| 2 | 95.6% | -- | $0.068 | 2.2m | 18k | |
| 3 | 95.5% | -- | $0.33 | 75s | 4.53k | |
| 4 | 94.9% | -- | $0.084 | 26s | 1.87k | |
| 5 | 94.5% | ±0.1pp | $0.20 | 2.2m | 16.7k | |
| 6 | 94.4% | -- | $0.11 | 57s | 2.11k | |
| 7 | 94.4% | -- | $0.021 | 52s | 1.98k | |
| 8 | 94.1% | -- | $0.15 | 1.6m | 11.6k | |
| 9 | 93.9% | ±0.3pp | $0.31 | 2.5m | 10.3k | |
| 10 | 93.9% | ±0.4pp | $0.029 | 59s | 7.68k | |
| 11 | 92.9% | -- | $0.088 | 86s | 8.6k | |
| 12 | 92.8% | ±0.4pp | $0.12 | 6.0m | 20.3k | |
| 13 | 92.8% | ±0.6pp | $0.025 | 20s | 2.28k | |
| 14 | 92.8% | ±0.5pp | $0.044 | 62s | 11.7k | |
| 15 | 92.4% | ±0.0pp | $0.039 | 63s | 3.71k | |
| 16 | 92.3% | ±0.1pp | $0.14 | 90s | 15.8k | |
| 17 | 92.0% | ±1.0pp | $0.13 | 4.0m | 10.7k | |
| 18 | 91.9% | -- | $0.025 | 32s | 2.37k | |
| 19 | Amazon Bedrock | 91.9% | -- | $0.22 | 13.4m | 36.1k |
| 20 | 91.1% | -- | $0.011 | 28s | 2.13k | |
| 21 | 91.1% | -- | $0.031 | 1.6m | 30.6k | |
| 22 | AtlasCloud | 90.9% | -- | $0.22 | 5.0m | 29.4k |
| 23 | 90.5% | ±1.6pp | $0.11 | 9.0m | 37.5k | |
| 24 | 90.2% | ±0.0pp | $0.14 | 2.5m | 9.46k | |
| 25 | 90.2% | ±0.5pp | $0.054 | 30s | 2.5k | |
| 26 | 90.2% | ±1.9pp | $0.035 | 5.2m | 30.5k | |
| 27 | 90.2% | ±0.4pp | $0.074 | 2.3m | 17.1k | |
| 28 | 90.1% | ±0.7pp | $0.011 | 2.0m | 19.4k | |
| 29 | 89.9% | ±0.7pp | $0.13 | 31s | 2.4k | |
| 30 | 89.8% | ±0.6pp | $0.12 | 13.8m | 47.5k | |
| 31 | 89.7% | ±1.1pp | $0.20 | 1.6m | 7.86k | |
| 32 | 89.6% | ±0.3pp | $0.038 | 2.4m | 27k | |
| 33 | 89.5% | ±1.0pp | $0.23 | 1.8m | 9.01k | |
| 34 | 89.1% | ±0.8pp | $0.023 | 4.1m | 30.7k | |
| 35 | 88.8% | ±0.4pp | $0.033 | 12.5m | 38k | |
| 36 | 88.6% | ±0.3pp | $0.22 | 1.8m | 8.64k | |
| 37 | 88.6% | -- | $0.021 | 11.2m | 45.5k | |
| 38 | 88.5% | ±0.1pp | $0.13 | 4.2m | 43.9k | |
| 39 | 88.4% | ±0.0pp | $0.041 | 55s | 3.32k | |
| 40 | 88.4% | -- | $0.008 | 73s | 13.1k | |
| 41 | 88.4% | ±0.0pp | $0.015 | 71s | 13.6k | |
| 42 | 88.0% | ±1.1pp | $0.023 | 3.9m | 25.3k | |
| 43 | 87.9% | ±1.9pp | $0.13 | 62s | 4.87k | |
| 44 | Alibaba | 87.9% | -- | $0.044 | 9.8m | 34.2k |
| 45 | 87.8% | ±3.7pp | $0.18 | 45s | 3.49k | |
| 46 | 87.6% | ±0.9pp | $0.014 | 2.9m | 26k | |
| 47 | 87.6% | ±0.6pp | $0.009 | 83s | 7.69k | |
| 48 | 87.4% | ±1.4pp | $0.091 | 3.3m | 14.8k | |
| 49 | 87.4% | -- | $0.003 | 50s | 5.75k | |
| 50 | 87.3% | ±1.8pp | $0.047 | 11.2m | 36k | |
| 51 | 86.8% | ±1.0pp | $0.022 | 8.7m | 46.3k | |
| 52 | 86.7% | ±0.5pp | $0.004 | 39s | 7.89k | |
| 53 | 86.7% | ±4.2pp | $0.16 | 15.9m | 56.1k | |
| 54 | 86.7% | ±0.0pp | $0.22 | 4.4m | 22.2k | |
| 55 | 86.7% | ±2.7pp | $0.008 | 6.9m | 26.9k | |
| 56 | 86.6% | ±1.8pp | $0.10 | 7.6m | 26.9k | |
| 57 | 86.6% | ±1.4pp | $0.75 | 8.4m | 30k | |
| 58 | 86.6% | ±0.8pp | $0.025 | 3.9m | 20.8k | |
| 59 | 86.5% | ±1.0pp | $0.84 | 6.8m | 33.5k | |
| 60 | 86.0% | ±2.8pp | $0.082 | 6.1m | 23.7k | |
| 61 | 85.9% | ±0.8pp | $0.006 | 9.3m | 32.3k | |
| 62 | Novita | 85.9% | -- | $0.020 | 2.0m | 15.4k |
| 63 | 85.7% | ±0.3pp | $0.21 | 4.4m | 20.9k | |
| 64 | 85.5% | ±2.1pp | $0.044 | 10.0m | 37.9k | |
| 65 | 85.4% | ±1.3pp | $0.10 | 7.6m | 31.8k | |
| 66 | 85.3% | ±4.9pp | $0.17 | 2.8m | 16.8k | |
| 67 | 85.2% | ±1.4pp | $0.14 | 7.3m | 49.9k | |
| 68 | 84.9% | ±1.0pp | $0.055 | 4.2m | 23.1k | |
| 69 | 84.8% | -- | $0.001 | 88s | 17.5k | |
| 70 | 84.5% | ±4.9pp | $0.096 | 20.9m | 37.9k | |
| 71 | 84.4% | ±0.9pp | $0.036 | 53s | 14.5k | |
| 72 | 84.1% | ±2.4pp | $0.014 | 8.8m | 40.1k | |
| 73 | 83.8% | ±3.0pp | $0.090 | 12.9m | 31.8k | |
| 74 | 83.8% | ±0.6pp | $0.062 | 75s | 13.6k | |
| 75 | 83.4% | ±1.1pp | $0.095 | 4.9m | 23.4k | |
| 76 | Tencent | 83.2% | -- | $0.064 | 8.2m | 51.2k |
| 77 | 82.7% | ±1.9pp | $0.093 | 18.5m | 45.2k | |
| 78 | 82.6% | ±1.6pp | $0.26 | 3.9m | 26k | |
| 79 | 82.3% | ±1.4pp | $0.008 | 7.3m | 18.6k | |
| 80 | 82.2% | ±6.7pp | $0.030 | 12.5m | 30.5k | |
| 81 | 82.1% | ±2.4pp | $0.041 | 83s | 27k | |
| 82 | 81.9% | ±1.4pp | $0.034 | 3.5m | 13.9k | |
| 83 | 81.7% | ±2.0pp | $0.009 | 9.6m | 19.5k | |
| 84 | 81.6% | ±1.3pp | $0.027 | 4.6m | 25.4k | |
| 85 | 81.6% | ±1.1pp | $0.31 | 4.8m | 20.7k | |
| 86 | 81.3% | -- | $0.008 | 5.9m | 33.9k | |
| 87 | 81.0% | ±1.8pp | $0.24 | 18.0m | 63.9k | |
| 88 | 81.0% | ±2.2pp | $0.045 | 3.5m | 22.4k | |
| 89 | 80.8% | -- | $0.053 | 6.8m | 43.9k | |
| 90 | 80.8% | ±1.4pp | $0.022 | 4.1m | 17.5k | |
| 91 | 79.8% | ±4.3pp | $0.043 | 8.6m | 42.6k | |
| 92 | 79.1% | ±3.4pp | $0.16 | 14.8m | 66.9k | |
| 93 | 78.9% | ±2.3pp | $0.029 | 7.1m | 25.9k | |
| 94 | 78.6% | -- | $0.26 | 3.0m | 17.4k | |
| 95 | 78.6% | -- | $0.058 | 10.6m | 23.1k | |
| 96 | 77.7% | ±0.4pp | $0.013 | 64s | 10.3k | |
| 97 | 77.4% | ±2.0pp | $0.006 | 11.8m | 37.6k | |
| 98 | 77.2% | ±4.8pp | $0.014 | 14.9m | 40.6k | |
| 99 | 77.2% | ±0.3pp | $0.018 | 7.5m | 17.5k | |
| 100 | 77.1% | ±3.3pp | $0.063 | 17.0m | 30.9k | |
| 101 | 76.7% | ±4.1pp | $0.053 | 14.9m | 23.3k | |
| 102 | 75.8% | -- | $0.015 | 2.9m | 24k | |
| 103 | 75.1% | ±1.1pp | $0.015 | 1.8m | 14.5k | |
| 104 | 74.9% | ±1.9pp | $0.003 | 2.8m | 31k | |
| 105 | 73.9% | ±2.3pp | $0.006 | 6.8m | 23.3k | |
| 106 | 73.2% | ±2.4pp | $0.016 | 11.2m | 60.9k | |
| 107 | 73.2% | ±0.8pp | $0.19 | 4.0m | 37.9k | |
| 108 | 72.8% | ±0.4pp | $0.061 | 2.0m | 24.2k | |
| 109 | 72.7% | ±1.6pp | $0.006 | 5.4m | 8.11k | |
| 110 | 72.1% | ±13.3pp | $0.62 | 10.7m | 41k | |
| 111 | 71.8% | ±0.3pp | $0.011 | 85s | 10.5k | |
| 112 | 70.6% | ±2.6pp | $0.009 | 6.2m | 45.1k | |
| 113 | 70.5% | ±0.4pp | $0.013 | 3.9m | 33.3k | |
| 114 | 69.5% | ±0.8pp | $0.007 | 4.9m | 5.94k | |
| 115 | 69.3% | ±4.4pp | $0.015 | 15.5m | 50.7k | |
| 116 | 66.8% | -- | $0.014 | 5.4m | 15.3k | |
| 117 | 66.3% | ±0.5pp | $0.003 | 81s | 2.99k | |
| 118 | 65.7% | -- | $0.015 | 28.6m | 64.4k | |
| 119 | 65.2% | ±1.3pp | $0.004 | 27s | 2.41k | |
| 120 | 65.2% | ±2.5pp | $0.006 | 10.7m | 41.8k | |
| 121 | 64.9% | ±0.6pp | $0.003 | 2.8m | 10.3k | |
| 122 | 64.2% | ±1.4pp | $0.007 | 3.9m | 11.5k | |
| 123 | 63.7% | ±0.4pp | $0.016 | 15s | 1.75k | |
| 124 | 63.7% | ±13.9pp | $0.014 | 6.9m | 12k | |
| 125 | 63.2% | ±2.2pp | $0.018 | 11.2m | 89.4k | |
| 126 | 62.1% | ±1.2pp | $0.002 | 65s | 2.17k | |
| 127 | 60.9% | ±1.0pp | $0.008 | 5.6m | 17.3k | |
| 128 | DeepInfra | 60.9% | -- | $0.008 | 5.0m | 15.4k |
| 129 | 60.4% | ±0.5pp | $0.004 | 35s | 2.12k | |
| 130 | 59.2% | ±0.3pp | $0.003 | 8.7m | 11.7k | |
| 131 | 55.2% | ±0.5pp | $0.018 | 1.9m | 44.3k | |
| 132 | 54.6% | ±8.7pp | $0.006 | 2.1m | 5.65k | |
| 133 | PrimeIntellect | 53.9% | -- | $0.005 | 2.0m | 11.8k |
| 134 | 52.0% | ±0.3pp | $0.018 | 16s | 1.56k | |
| 135 | 51.7% | ±0.5pp | $0.016 | 10.6m | 40.5k | |
| 136 | 51.1% | ±0.1pp | $0.013 | 13s | 1.12k | |
| 137 | 50.5% | -- | $0.010 | 11.7m | 64.8k | |
| 138 | 49.1% | ±0.9pp | $0.00084 | 23s | 1.9k | |
| 139 | 47.5% | ±1.0pp | $0.001 | 86s | 2.36k | |
| 140 | 46.0% | ±1.3pp | $0.001 | 1.6m | 1.85k | |
| 141 | 43.6% | ±0.7pp | $0.001 | 22s | 1.48k | |
| 142 | 42.9% | -- | $0.002 | 59s | 1.66k | |
| 143 | Reka | 38.9% | -- | $0.00023 | 9s | 711 |
| 144 | 38.0% | ±1.2pp | $0.00038 | 52s | 2.26k | |
| 145 | Cloudflare | 28.6% | -- | $0.00059 | 15s | 1.64k |
| 146 | 27.7% | ±2.2pp | $0.001 | 2.5m | 15.5k | |
| 147 | 27.7% | ±0.1pp | $0.000062 | 9s | 580 | |
| 148 | Parasail | 27.1% | -- | $0.00011 | 11s | 1.8k |
| 149 | Google | 21.4% | -- | $0.18 | 78s | 14.6k |
| 150 | 10.3% | ±0.0pp | $0.018 | 22s | 11.8k |
Example problems
GPQA uses four-choice questions that require more than recalling a definition. These representative examples show the format and the range of scientific domains without reproducing items from the benchmark's protected question pool.
Biology
A researcher observes that a membrane protein is synthesized on ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Which destination is most consistent with this protein entering the secretory pathway?
- A.The cytosol, where it remains soluble
- B.The nucleus, after import through a nuclear pore
- C.A membrane of the endomembrane system or the cell surface
- D.The mitochondrial matrix through a TOM/TIM complex
Answer: C
Ribosomes on the rough ER synthesize proteins destined for secretion or insertion into the endomembrane system, including the plasma membrane.
Physics
A spacecraft is far from other bodies and fires its engine in the direction opposite to its velocity. Ignoring mass loss during the brief burn, what happens immediately to its speed?
- A.It increases because the exhaust carries away backward momentum
- B.It decreases because the thrust points opposite to its velocity
- C.It remains unchanged because thrust only changes direction
- D.It becomes zero because the spacecraft is in free space
Answer: B
An impulse opposite the velocity vector reduces the spacecraft’s momentum and therefore its speed during the burn.
Chemistry
Why does adding a small amount of a common ion generally reduce the solubility of a sparingly soluble ionic solid in water?
- A.The common ion increases the solid’s lattice energy
- B.The common ion shifts the dissolution equilibrium toward the solid
- C.The common ion converts every dissolved ion into a neutral molecule
- D.The common ion removes solvent molecules from the solution
Answer: B
The added ion raises the concentration of a dissolution product, so Le Chatelier’s principle shifts the equilibrium toward the undissolved solid.
Why we run this benchmark
GPQA is a broad graduate-level reasoning test across biology, physics, and chemistry, so it gives us a cheap, high-floor signal that a deployment is healthy. A model that normally clears these questions but suddenly drops usually points to something broken in the endpoint or routing rather than the questions themselves.
Because we run the same fixed question set across provider endpoints, a large accuracy gap between providers serving the same model is a quick way to catch a misconfigured or degraded endpoint. The cost and latency columns show what that reasoning quality costs to serve.
What the scores can and can't tell you
GPQA is a narrow, high-difficulty evaluation, not a complete measure of general intelligence or usefulness. A score reflects performance on expert-written multiple-choice science questions and should be considered alongside coding, instruction-following, factuality, and other evaluations.
Scores can be sensitive to sampling settings, answer-position handling, and the number of repeated runs. Small differences may not be meaningful when models have similar sample counts, so the leaderboard includes run variability and cost context rather than presenting accuracy alone.
The benchmark is publicly described, and some questions may eventually appear in training data. We avoid reproducing the private question pool here, but no public benchmark can guarantee that every future evaluation item is uncontaminated.
Methodology
Scores aggregate successful runs from the newest 90 days, weighted by question count, with a minimum sample threshold per model-provider pair. A model's headline score uses default routing when available; otherwise it falls back to the median provider. Cost, time, and output-token figures are per-question averages from the same runs. Best value is the cheapest Pareto-optimal model within five percentage points of the top score.
GPQA Diamond is described in the original paper. See the docs for routing details, or browse all models to try one.
API access
These scores are available through OpenRouter's public benchmarks API, so you can retrieve the same model-level results programmatically.
GET https://openrouter.ai/api/v1/benchmarks?source=openrouter Authorization: Bearer <API key>
Use task_type=intelligence to filter to gpqa_diamond. Each item represents one model and includes accuracy, accuracy_stddev, avg_cost_per_task, total_tasks, and last_run_timestamp. See the benchmarks API docs.
Download and cite
A snapshot of this leaderboard is published in the benchmark-leaderboard open dataset (filter on the benchmark column), regenerated daily with no API key required. The current snapshot was generated on . It is licensed under CC BY 4.0, so you can reuse and republish it with attribution to OpenRouter.
- Download CSV (text/csv)
- Download JSON (application/json)
- Snapshot manifest (SHA-256 checksums of the files above)
- Latest manifest (mutable alias, updated as snapshots are published)
Column definitions, methodology and redaction rules are in the dataset README.
Cite this leaderboard
OpenRouter (2026). GPQA Diamond results on OpenRouter, 2026-11-14 snapshot. https://openrouter.ai/benchmarks/gpqa-diamond. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.





